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Please note that the content of this book primarily consists of articles available from Wikipedia or other free sources online. Bladder exstrophy is a congenital anomality in which part of the urinary bladder is present outside the body. It is rare, occurring once every 10,000 to 50,000 live births with a 2:1 male:female ratio. The diagnosis involves a spectrum of anomalies of the lower abdominal wall, bladder, anterior bony pelvis, and external genitalia. It occurs due to failure of the abdominal wall to close during fetal development and results in protrusion of the posterior bladder wall through the lower abdominal wall. Treatment is with surgical correction of the defect, but patients can still have long term issues with urinary tract infections and urinary incontinence.
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